Solar panels can indeed be utilized without the need for storing electricity in batteries, functioning effectively in a direct-grid or grid-tied system. In these setups, the electricity generated by solar panels is fed directly into the grid, allowing homeowners and businesses to use the power generated in real-time. This arrangement not only eliminates the need for battery storage but also reduces initial installation costs while enhancing system efficiency. When solar energy production exceeds local consumption, the surplus electricity can be sold back to the grid, providing a potential source of income or credits on energy bills through net metering systems.

However, relying solely on solar energy without battery storage does come with certain limitations. For instance, during periods of low sunlight or at night, electricity must be sourced from the grid, which can lead to increased reliance on fossil fuels and higher electricity costs. Additionally, in the event of a power outage, grid-tied systems typically shut down to prevent backfeeding, which can leave homeowners without power despite having functional solar panels. Therefore, while solar panels can operate effectively without batteries, integrating energy storage can provide greater resilience, sustainability, and independence from the grid, especially in locations prone to power outages or fluctuating energy prices.